WYSTĘPOWANIE, CHEMIZM ORAZ GENEZA SZCZAW I WÓD KWASOWĘGLOWYCH KARPAT POLSKICH

Abstract

OCCURRENCES, CHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF CARBONATED WATERS AND WATERS CONTAINING CARBON DIOXIDE OF THE POLISH CARPATHIANSAbstract. In 25 localities of the Polish Carpathians the author recorded 226 occurrences of carbonated waters and waters containing carbon dioxide that are rendered accessible in 73 springs and 153 wells. These occurrences can be divided into six regions: Szczawa, Krościenko–Szczawnica, the Poprad River valley, Wysowa, Iwonicz–Rymanów and Rabe. The ordinary common waters containing carbon dioxide are characterized by shallow circulation and low TDS values. Their reserves can be renewed by a constant inflow of subduction-originated CO2 and meteoric waters, of course on condition that the migration pathways of both CO2 and meteoric waters remain uninterrupted. The chloride carbonated waters of deeper-seated aquifers have higher TDS values and represent mixed infiltration and diagenetic waters with a significant prevalence of deep groundwaters with impeded circulation. Therefore, their reserves are usually low and hardly renewable. The origin of the Carpathian carbonated waters and waters containing carbon dioxide is controlled by three factors: the genesis of CO2 that is their major component, the genesis of water as such and the processes that are responsible for the chemical composition of water.