O WODACH PODZIEMNYCH W UTWORACH KRYSTALICZNYCH SUDETÓW I ICH PRZEDPOLA

Abstract

ON GROUNDWATER IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS OF THE SUDETES AND THEIR FORELANDAbstract. The paper presents the evolution and progress in research on groundwater occurrence and resources in low porosity crystalline formations of the Sudetes Mts. and the Fore-Sudetic block. Description a three-zone scheme of groundwater occurrence and circulation, and the important role of alterites (weathered and decayed rocks) and rock fracturing in the accumulation of water are described. Constraints on the groundwater recharge process are also discussed. High water infiltration rates in (22 to 50% of annual precipitation) were measured in the Sudetes Mts. The differences in the received results are explained by the application of the methods of punctual and regional analyses. A procedure in the evaluation of the most promising groundwater water zones and research methods are discussed, including the new methods of VLF and MRS. A discussion on groundwater resources is also presented. The groundwater resources calculated with different methods show that the value of basic groundwater runoff is 3–5 l/s·km2. Different techniques of groundwater supply including a drainage technique (horizontal intakes), natural springs and typical vertical water drillholes are evaluated. The groundwater is characterized by low mineralization values and slightly acidic pH. There is a large area of high radium content, and only locally of fluorine and arsenic contents. In areas of abandoned hard coal exploitation, an effect of acid drainage is noticed. Suggestions regarding future research and problems are included.