Osuwisko na stoku góry Palenica w Szczawnicy (pieniński pas skałkowy) i jego związek z ekstremalnymi opadami w lipcu 1997 r.
Abstract
Wskutek ulewnych deszczów, które spowodowały lipcową powódź w 1997 r., na NE stoku Palenicy nad Szczawnicą, powstało osuwisko, które zniszczyło znaczny fragment trasy narciarskiej i zagroziło podstawie słupa wyciągu krzesełkowego na Palenicę. Objęło ono swym zasięgiem stosunkowo wąską wychodnię łupków formacji łupków z Malinowej należących tu do jednostki Grajcarka. Osuwisko o typie subsekwentnym, powstawało w kilku etapach i charakteryzowało się detruzywnym rozwojem. Płytki zsuw o długości 320 m i charakterze rynnowym, objął zasięgiem warstwę zwietrzeliny, lokalnie sięgnął podłoża, w dolnych zaś partiach, masy koluwialne stosunkowo niewielkiej miąższości, nasunęły się na powierzchnię trasy zjazdowej. Powyżej osuwiska powstały liczne spękania. Główną przyczyną powstania i rozwoju formy było gwałtowne przeciążenie wodą opadową i częściowe upłynnienie mas zwietrzlinowych, rozwojowi zaś ruchów sprzyjały zarówno utwory podłoża podatne na osuwanie, jak również antropogeniczne wylesienie wychodni łupków, w trakcie budowy trasy.
LANDSLIDE ON PALENICA MT NEAR SZCZAWNICA (PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT), AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH EXTREME RAINS IN JULY 1997
Summary
The landslide on NE slope of the Palenica Mt near Szczawnica, was created in effect of extreme, torrential rains in July 1997 (which caused flood in the Carpathians). The landslide destroyed ski trail and dangered for support of the chair-lift line to Palenica Mt. The form was developed along the narrow outcrop of the variegated shales of Malinowa Formation (Grajcarek Unit), where was situated also large part of the ski-trail. The landslide, 320 m long, represents subsequent and detrusive type. It was initiated on the top part of the ski-trail, and then the movement was developed to lower part of the slope. Shallow and narrow slump modelled mainly in weathered cover of shales and created some systems of niches, colluvial swells and colluvial depressions soon filled by water. In the lower part, the colluvial mass was partly overthrusted on the ski-trail. The main reason of the landslide development, was strong rain which saturated the weathering zone. Also geological properties of the bedrock and anthropogenic deforestation of the ski-trail, contributed to formation of the landslide.
LANDSLIDE ON PALENICA MT NEAR SZCZAWNICA (PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT), AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH EXTREME RAINS IN JULY 1997
Summary
The landslide on NE slope of the Palenica Mt near Szczawnica, was created in effect of extreme, torrential rains in July 1997 (which caused flood in the Carpathians). The landslide destroyed ski trail and dangered for support of the chair-lift line to Palenica Mt. The form was developed along the narrow outcrop of the variegated shales of Malinowa Formation (Grajcarek Unit), where was situated also large part of the ski-trail. The landslide, 320 m long, represents subsequent and detrusive type. It was initiated on the top part of the ski-trail, and then the movement was developed to lower part of the slope. Shallow and narrow slump modelled mainly in weathered cover of shales and created some systems of niches, colluvial swells and colluvial depressions soon filled by water. In the lower part, the colluvial mass was partly overthrusted on the ski-trail. The main reason of the landslide development, was strong rain which saturated the weathering zone. Also geological properties of the bedrock and anthropogenic deforestation of the ski-trail, contributed to formation of the landslide.