Kilka porównań między fliszem Kaukazu i Karpat

Abstract

On some analogies between the Caucasian and Carpathian Flysch The author had an opportunity of studying certain sections of the flysch which is developed on the southern slope of the Great Caucasus. It appears that there exist certain analogies in the succession and lithologie development of the Caucasus flysch as compared with the flysch of the outer Carpathians. The main analogies are as follows. 1. In either regions the uppermost members of the Jurassic and the lowest Cretaceous are developed as limestone flysch. 2. Sandy flysch appears in both regions in the Hauterivian (Pasanauri Beds in the Caucasus, Grodziszcze Beds in the Carpathians). 3. In spite of considerable differences, both in stratonomy and lithology, the Hauterivian — Barremian — Aptian beds in either areas are characterized by the presence of the same type of black shales, often with argillaceous siderites. 4. There are certain similarities between some beds of Albian age (lower part of the Ananuri Beds in the Caucasus, Lgota Beds in the Carpathians). 5. In both regions radiolarites are developed in the Cenomanian. They are black in the Caucasus, green and red in the Carpathians. 6. Above the radiolarites in both regions occur beds which are characterized by variegated, green and red colours. These beds are, however, calcareous in the Caucasus, argillaceous in the Carpathians (green and variegated shales). 7. Both in the Caucasus and in the Carpathians in the Coniacian stage a limestone flysch appears. In the Carpathians it is limited to the most external part of the flysch zone, in the Caucasus it is much thicker and its flysch character is better marked. 8. Some Senonian flysch beds of the Caucasus are similar to the beds called in the Carpathian “Inoceramian Beds” = Ropianka Beds. 9. Some Paleocene deposits of the Caucasus are very much the same as in the Carpathians (dark shaly flysch). It is characteristic that in both geosynclines the deposition of flysch beds was interrupted by non-flysch sedimentation (radiolarites, shales, marls, limestones) at the same time (Cenomanian, Turonian). The analogies between the Paleogene flysch of the Carpathians and the Caucasus are much smaller. This was probably caused by the Subhercynian and Laramian orogenic phases, which are well marked in the Caucasus, and hardly noticeable in the outer Carpathians. It is possible that the described analogies indicate that the connection between the Carpathian flysch geosyncline and that of the southern slope of the Caucasus was more direct than it has been thought hitherto. But also another cause may be envisaged. Both geosynclines had the most northern position in relation to other geosynclinal troughs of the Alpine geosynclinal system. It may be presumed that the behaviour of the Carpathian and Caucasian troughs during the Upper Jurassic — Senonian time span was influenced by the movements of the immediate cratonic foreland, and this caused similar trends in their development.