Podłoże Skałek Andrychowskich
Abstract
On the beds underlying the Andrychów Klippen (Western Carpathians)
Five bore holes have been situated on the Jurassic limestones or on the Senonian belonging to the klippes of the Andrychów zone (Polish Western Carpathians). Beds ranging in age from the Barremian up to the Oligocene have found below the klippes. Oligocene. It is represented by marly grey shales with very few inter beds of micaceous sandstones and mudstones with exotic blocks (gneisses, limestones). The more characteristic foraminifers are: Spiroplectammina carinata v. intermedia (Spandel), Bulimina div. sp., Chiloquembelina cubensis (Palmer) , Ch. pseudostriata (Ivanova) , Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Virgulinella chalkophila (Hagn), Caucasina tenebricosa Piszvanova, Cibicidoides borislavensis (Aisenstat), C. lopjanicus (Mjatliuk). Diatoms, spongian elements and fish teeths are numerous in these beds, which on the whole resemble the Krosno Beds. Upper Eocene. Here belong green, grey black and occasionally also red shales, with a characteristic microfauna: Cyclammina amplectens Grzyb. Karreriella exilis Hagn, Asterigerina rotula (Kaufman), Rotalia cf. lithothamnica Uhlig, R. viennoti Greig, Cibicides grimsdalei Nuttall, Cibicidoides praelopjanicus Mjatliuk, Schlosserina asterites (Guembe l), Nummulites chavannesis Harpe. The presence of numerous Cyclammina amplectens seems to indicate that the lower section of the Upper Eocene is here represented. Middle Eocene. It is developed as green, limeless shales. The characteristic foraminifers are: Cyclammina amplectens Grzyb, very numerous, Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzyb.), Cibicides grimsdalei Nuttall, Nuttallides trumpyi (Nuttall), Rotalia lithothamnica Uhlig, Nummulites atacicus Leym., Discocyclina nummulitica (Guembe l) . Paleocene is developed also as green shales, sometimes also red or dark-grey. Assemblage with Glomospira diffundens Cushm. and Rzehakina, fissistomata Grzyb, is characteristic. Upper Senonian is developed as green marls which correspond to the Węglówka Marls, with frequent intercalations of variegated (green and red) marls or marly shales. In one bore-hole also grey marls occur (Roczyny 6). The microforaminiferal assemblages, as a rule very rich, indicate the presence of the Mastrichtian and Campanian. For the Mastrichtian the following assemblage is characteristic: Racemiguembelina varians (Rzehak), Praeglobotruncana havanensis (Voorwijk), Globotruncana contusa (Cush m.), Globotruncana mayaroensis Bolli. The asseblage of the range Upper Campanian — Mastrichtian is exemplified by the association: Globotruncana area (Cush m.), G.contusa (Cush m.). G.elevata Brotzen, G. caliciformis (Lapp.), G. stuartiformis Dalbiez and Stensidina pommerana Brotzen. For the Upper Campanian characteristic are: Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), Spiroplectammina dentata (Alth), Pleurostomella wadowicensis Grzyb., Neoflabellina rugosa (Orb.), N. gibbera Wedekind n. ssp. Hiltermann , Reussella szajnochae (Grzyb.), Globotruncana area (Cush m.), G. fornicata Plummer , G.calcarata Cushm. In addition, assemblages with numerous Reussella szajnochae (Grzyb.) and the associations with abundant Globotruncana area and G.fornicata are characteristic for the Campanian. Lower Senonian is represented by green or variegated marls, very little differing from the Upper Senonian beds. Two types of assemblages may be distinguished. One consists of Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), T.gaultina (Morozova), Uvigerinammina jankoi (Majzon), Palmula primitiva Cushm., Gublerina carpathica (Salaj et Samuel), Globotruncana ex gr. lapparenti, while the other is composed of Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), T. gaultina (Morozova), Stensidina praeexculpta Keller, S. cf. exculpta (Reuss), Globotruncana tricarinata (Quereau). Both these assemblages are in all probability coeval, whilst the lowest part of the Senonian, including possibly the Turonian, is characterized by the presence of abundant Uvigerinammina jankoi Majzon, associated with Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.) and Spiroplectammina praelonga (Reus s). Albian is developed as dark-green shales, with few sandy interbeds. A rather poor microforaminiferal assemblage consists of Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, Haplophragmoides aff. nonioninoides Reuss, H. gigas minor Nauss, Plectorecurvoides alternans Noth. Barremian-Aptian is represented by black shales, corresponding to the Verovice Shales. Their assemblage is composed of Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, Hormosina crassa Geroch, Verneuilinoides neocomiensis (Mjatliuk). V. subfiliformis Bartenstein, Gaudryina oblonga Zaspelova. Trochammina vocontiana Moullade, Haplophragmoides aff. nonioninoides (Reus s). All these units, including the Krosno Beds, are developed as shales and marls, while sandstones play only a subordinate role. This may be interpreted by the supposition, that the described beds were laid down in the axial zone of the outer flysch basin of the Carpathian geosyncline. All the beds below the klippes are strongly compressed, with numerous shear zones and slickensides.
Five bore holes have been situated on the Jurassic limestones or on the Senonian belonging to the klippes of the Andrychów zone (Polish Western Carpathians). Beds ranging in age from the Barremian up to the Oligocene have found below the klippes. Oligocene. It is represented by marly grey shales with very few inter beds of micaceous sandstones and mudstones with exotic blocks (gneisses, limestones). The more characteristic foraminifers are: Spiroplectammina carinata v. intermedia (Spandel), Bulimina div. sp., Chiloquembelina cubensis (Palmer) , Ch. pseudostriata (Ivanova) , Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Virgulinella chalkophila (Hagn), Caucasina tenebricosa Piszvanova, Cibicidoides borislavensis (Aisenstat), C. lopjanicus (Mjatliuk). Diatoms, spongian elements and fish teeths are numerous in these beds, which on the whole resemble the Krosno Beds. Upper Eocene. Here belong green, grey black and occasionally also red shales, with a characteristic microfauna: Cyclammina amplectens Grzyb. Karreriella exilis Hagn, Asterigerina rotula (Kaufman), Rotalia cf. lithothamnica Uhlig, R. viennoti Greig, Cibicides grimsdalei Nuttall, Cibicidoides praelopjanicus Mjatliuk, Schlosserina asterites (Guembe l), Nummulites chavannesis Harpe. The presence of numerous Cyclammina amplectens seems to indicate that the lower section of the Upper Eocene is here represented. Middle Eocene. It is developed as green, limeless shales. The characteristic foraminifers are: Cyclammina amplectens Grzyb, very numerous, Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzyb.), Cibicides grimsdalei Nuttall, Nuttallides trumpyi (Nuttall), Rotalia lithothamnica Uhlig, Nummulites atacicus Leym., Discocyclina nummulitica (Guembe l) . Paleocene is developed also as green shales, sometimes also red or dark-grey. Assemblage with Glomospira diffundens Cushm. and Rzehakina, fissistomata Grzyb, is characteristic. Upper Senonian is developed as green marls which correspond to the Węglówka Marls, with frequent intercalations of variegated (green and red) marls or marly shales. In one bore-hole also grey marls occur (Roczyny 6). The microforaminiferal assemblages, as a rule very rich, indicate the presence of the Mastrichtian and Campanian. For the Mastrichtian the following assemblage is characteristic: Racemiguembelina varians (Rzehak), Praeglobotruncana havanensis (Voorwijk), Globotruncana contusa (Cush m.), Globotruncana mayaroensis Bolli. The asseblage of the range Upper Campanian — Mastrichtian is exemplified by the association: Globotruncana area (Cush m.), G.contusa (Cush m.). G.elevata Brotzen, G. caliciformis (Lapp.), G. stuartiformis Dalbiez and Stensidina pommerana Brotzen. For the Upper Campanian characteristic are: Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), Spiroplectammina dentata (Alth), Pleurostomella wadowicensis Grzyb., Neoflabellina rugosa (Orb.), N. gibbera Wedekind n. ssp. Hiltermann , Reussella szajnochae (Grzyb.), Globotruncana area (Cush m.), G. fornicata Plummer , G.calcarata Cushm. In addition, assemblages with numerous Reussella szajnochae (Grzyb.) and the associations with abundant Globotruncana area and G.fornicata are characteristic for the Campanian. Lower Senonian is represented by green or variegated marls, very little differing from the Upper Senonian beds. Two types of assemblages may be distinguished. One consists of Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), T.gaultina (Morozova), Uvigerinammina jankoi (Majzon), Palmula primitiva Cushm., Gublerina carpathica (Salaj et Samuel), Globotruncana ex gr. lapparenti, while the other is composed of Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.), T. gaultina (Morozova), Stensidina praeexculpta Keller, S. cf. exculpta (Reuss), Globotruncana tricarinata (Quereau). Both these assemblages are in all probability coeval, whilst the lowest part of the Senonian, including possibly the Turonian, is characterized by the presence of abundant Uvigerinammina jankoi Majzon, associated with Tritaxia subparisiensis (Grzyb.) and Spiroplectammina praelonga (Reus s). Albian is developed as dark-green shales, with few sandy interbeds. A rather poor microforaminiferal assemblage consists of Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, Haplophragmoides aff. nonioninoides Reuss, H. gigas minor Nauss, Plectorecurvoides alternans Noth. Barremian-Aptian is represented by black shales, corresponding to the Verovice Shales. Their assemblage is composed of Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, Hormosina crassa Geroch, Verneuilinoides neocomiensis (Mjatliuk). V. subfiliformis Bartenstein, Gaudryina oblonga Zaspelova. Trochammina vocontiana Moullade, Haplophragmoides aff. nonioninoides (Reus s). All these units, including the Krosno Beds, are developed as shales and marls, while sandstones play only a subordinate role. This may be interpreted by the supposition, that the described beds were laid down in the axial zone of the outer flysch basin of the Carpathian geosyncline. All the beds below the klippes are strongly compressed, with numerous shear zones and slickensides.