Zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej w badaniach hydrochemicznych wybranych zlewni sudeckich
Abstract
Application of factor analysis in hydrochemical research of selected Sudety Mts catchments.
S u m m a r y . The statistical principal components factor analysis have been carried out in 2002 and 2003 for groundwater and surface water of two small crystalline massifs of the Sudety Mts. (SW Poland), represented by Kamienica (Śnieżnik Massif) and Mała Bystrzyca (Bystrzyckie Mountains) river catchments. 12 chemical standardized parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, concentrations of Mg2+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3–, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and SiO2 (from 7 and 6 sampling series) have been used in the factor analysis transformation. The results indicate that in the Kamienica and Mała Bystrzyca river catchments: 1) concentrations of Cl– and NO3– ions (10% of the chemical diversity) are controlled mainly by precipitation; 2) concentrations of SO42–, K+ and SiO2 (from 28 to 46% of chemical diversity) are controlled by the local system of water flow (weathering cover zone); and 3) concentrations of HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ (20–39% of chemical diversity) are controlled by transient system of water flow (fractured stone zone). The total mineralization and pH reaction of groundwater and surface water under study is probably also controlled by transient system of water flow. The results show the relative role of particular flow systems in the chemical composition of water. This may be used in research on resources of mountain areas.
S u m m a r y . The statistical principal components factor analysis have been carried out in 2002 and 2003 for groundwater and surface water of two small crystalline massifs of the Sudety Mts. (SW Poland), represented by Kamienica (Śnieżnik Massif) and Mała Bystrzyca (Bystrzyckie Mountains) river catchments. 12 chemical standardized parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, concentrations of Mg2+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3–, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and SiO2 (from 7 and 6 sampling series) have been used in the factor analysis transformation. The results indicate that in the Kamienica and Mała Bystrzyca river catchments: 1) concentrations of Cl– and NO3– ions (10% of the chemical diversity) are controlled mainly by precipitation; 2) concentrations of SO42–, K+ and SiO2 (from 28 to 46% of chemical diversity) are controlled by the local system of water flow (weathering cover zone); and 3) concentrations of HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ (20–39% of chemical diversity) are controlled by transient system of water flow (fractured stone zone). The total mineralization and pH reaction of groundwater and surface water under study is probably also controlled by transient system of water flow. The results show the relative role of particular flow systems in the chemical composition of water. This may be used in research on resources of mountain areas.