Sposoby i możliwości ujmowania wód podziemnych na obszarach masywów krystalicznych – na przykładzie granitu Karkonoszy
Abstract
Possibilities of groundwater abstraction in areas of crystalline massifs – a case study of the Karkonosze granite.
A b s t r a c t. The article presents an overview of various types of water intakes in the area of the Karkonosze granite massif, with their characteristics and possibilities of use, considering well discharge rates, stability, and water quality. For this purpose, the results of scientific research carried out by the authors in various years, including numerical modelling, were used. Analysis of the water-bearing capacity of the granite massif and intakes work indicates that the construction of a large groundwater intake, covering the needs of even medium-sized cities, could be difficult. Higher discharges are possible for surface and drainage water intakes, but located near a large river. Small towns can be supplied by mixed surface-drainage intakes based on the waters of minor rivers. For small households, the best solution is to make 1–2 well intakes to a depth of 60–100 m, or a spring intake.
A b s t r a c t. The article presents an overview of various types of water intakes in the area of the Karkonosze granite massif, with their characteristics and possibilities of use, considering well discharge rates, stability, and water quality. For this purpose, the results of scientific research carried out by the authors in various years, including numerical modelling, were used. Analysis of the water-bearing capacity of the granite massif and intakes work indicates that the construction of a large groundwater intake, covering the needs of even medium-sized cities, could be difficult. Higher discharges are possible for surface and drainage water intakes, but located near a large river. Small towns can be supplied by mixed surface-drainage intakes based on the waters of minor rivers. For small households, the best solution is to make 1–2 well intakes to a depth of 60–100 m, or a spring intake.