Zmiany wydajności monitorowanych źródeł w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym w latach 2003–2014 (pieniński pas skałkowy)

Abstract

Variation of springs discharge in Pieniny National Park in the years 2003–2014 (Pieniny Klippen Belt).A b s t r a c t. The paper presents the 12-years discharge variations of the three springs located within the Pieniny National Park. The background was the observations of the water table variation in the springs and seasonal measurements of the springs discharge, which made the possibility of calculation of the rating curves. Generally, the Pieniny springs are characterized by low discharge. The mean discharge of the springs studied for the period 2003–2014 was as follows: spring of the Potok pod Wysoki Dział – 1.66 dm3∙s‒1, springof the Kotłowy Potok – 0.26 dm3∙s‒1, seasonal spring of the Kirowy Potok – 0.10 dm3∙s‒1. Variations of the springs discharge are different due to the fact that particular spring drain separate, and relatively small groundwater reservoir. First of all, the influence of the many-years variation in the sum of atmospheric precipitation as well as the amount of infiltrating meltwater can be observed. Observations with monthly distribution showed the characteristic shift between maximum discharge of the spring and the sum of atmospheric precipitation (about 1 month shift) as well as the thawing period (1–3 months shift). Presumably, during dry seasons the springs have mainly the thawing regime, in the normal (balanced) seasons – the thawing-precipitation regime is dominant, and during the wet season – the precipitation-thawing regime prevails. In the years 2012 and 2013 the sudden decrease of discharge of the Kotłowy Potok and Kirowy Potok springs have been observed which is in well agreement with the hydrogeological drought identified in Poland.