Rola prognozy stanów wód podziemnych w projektowaniu stopni piętrzących
Abstract
ROLE OF PROGNOSIS OJ GROUND WATER STATE IN PROJECTION OF DAMSSUMMARY
Summary
The influence of ground water ponding, caused by dam construction, upon the development of a river valley, depends not only on the height of river ponding, but also on the situation of the ponded water table in the near-dam reservoir, in relation to the height of the adjacent areas. If the near-dam reservoir situated in a natural revier bed, the adjacent terrains reveal ''waiter seepage" phenomena. Both the size of the “seepage” and its influence upon the valley development are determined on the basis of prognostic studies concerning the immediate influence of river waters upon ground waters. If, on the other hand, the near-dam reservoir is surrounded by side ramparts, the valley changes into a depression area, which has to be protected against inundation. In such cases, the hydraulic system “river – ground waters” is supplemented by the third element, i.e.by “ drainage system”, and the prognostic system upon ground waters and vice versa. The article substantiates also the necessity of conducting prognostic studies in either of the areas, gives main principles of these studies , and presents their relationships with the engineering-geological research, as well as with the projection of dams and of drainage systems. Moreover, emphasis has also been laid on the specific character of the prognostic studies, which should be carried out step by step, according to the phases of the project.
Summary
The influence of ground water ponding, caused by dam construction, upon the development of a river valley, depends not only on the height of river ponding, but also on the situation of the ponded water table in the near-dam reservoir, in relation to the height of the adjacent areas. If the near-dam reservoir situated in a natural revier bed, the adjacent terrains reveal ''waiter seepage" phenomena. Both the size of the “seepage” and its influence upon the valley development are determined on the basis of prognostic studies concerning the immediate influence of river waters upon ground waters. If, on the other hand, the near-dam reservoir is surrounded by side ramparts, the valley changes into a depression area, which has to be protected against inundation. In such cases, the hydraulic system “river – ground waters” is supplemented by the third element, i.e.by “ drainage system”, and the prognostic system upon ground waters and vice versa. The article substantiates also the necessity of conducting prognostic studies in either of the areas, gives main principles of these studies , and presents their relationships with the engineering-geological research, as well as with the projection of dams and of drainage systems. Moreover, emphasis has also been laid on the specific character of the prognostic studies, which should be carried out step by step, according to the phases of the project.