Zagospodarowanie wyrobisk i odpadów surowców węglanowych w aspekcie ochrony środowiska

Abstract

RECULTIVATION OF EXCAVATIONS AFTER EXPLOITATION OF CARBONATE RAW MATERIALS AND USING OF WASTES FROM THE VIEW POINT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION Summary Carbonates belong to basic raw materials of the building material industry and the wall tell of them (47 m. tons) is exploited for the needs of the cement and lime industry. The exploitation is carried out by the strip-mining technique which results in significant changes of natural environment including: degradation or even complete removal of soils, disturbance of the whole rock massif, change in geological engineering conditions, qualitative and quantitative changes of surfaces and ground waters, landscape modification and pollution of air with dust. In the case of the industry of exploitation or rock raw materials the environment conservation primarily comprises: the protection of deposit resources through rational management and the preservation of the environment from negative effects of exploitation. The main dirctions in management of post-exploitational excavations in the case of exploiting carbonate raw materials include: recreation, constructing water reservoirs and dumping industrial and urban waste. In Poland the problems of recultivation and use of areas modified by mining are controlled by several legislative regulations discussed in the Polish text. The problems of waste management are analysed from the point of view of their use and rehabilitation of areas degraded by exploitation and reworking.