Surowce balneologiczne z obszaru płaszczowiny magurskiej (Karpaty Polskie)
Abstract
BALNEOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE MAGURA NAPPE (POLISH CARPATHIANS)
Summary
The resources include: mineral waters, therapeutic muds and carbon dioxide (fig. 1). Therapeutic mineral waters are: 1 - sulfur waters of low degree of mineralization, 2 - chlorid waters (CI- Na) containing ions HCO3-, Br-, J-, and HBO2 , and 3 - acidulous water with dissolved CO2 , The acidulous waters (in Polish: "szczawa" - tab. 1), are the most common (fig. 2, tab. II). They are not limited to any specific zone of the Magura nappe (fig. 3) but are closely related to fractures and crevices which accompany tectonic displacements of flysch rocks (figs 5 and 6). In the region of Szczawa, the acidulous waters are associated with the base of the Magura nappe (fig. 1 and 4). In the drainage area of the Poprad river (fig. 3), acidulous waters of small mineralization are, with few exceptions (the waters in Złockie and the "Zuber" mineral water in Krynica), mostly CO2 - saturated ground waters. The exhalations of carbon dioxide are common in this area but the origin of CO2 is disputable. Mineral waters of Szczawnica, Krościenko/D, Szczawa and Wysowa (fig. 1 and 3) reveal higher degrees of mineralization, up to 26 gm/dcm3. These waters are made up of CO2 saturated ground waters and chloride waters rising from deep seated sources. Here again the origin of carbon dioxide is disputable. Therapeutic mineral waters are used in health resorts for drinking cure, mineral baths (including dry-bath in CO2) and inhalations. They also are bottled and used as table waters. All these waters are relatively cold and only few have temperatures above 20°C (fig. 1). The resources of therapeutic mineral waters should be carefully protected against any possible changes. This requires a detailed recognition of local geology, notably to avoid damages during earthworks. Preservation of forests is an important factor in protection of mineral waters. Particular care should be taken to protect the environment of mineral water resources against excessive urbanization, air-, and water-pollution.
Summary
The resources include: mineral waters, therapeutic muds and carbon dioxide (fig. 1). Therapeutic mineral waters are: 1 - sulfur waters of low degree of mineralization, 2 - chlorid waters (CI- Na) containing ions HCO3-, Br-, J-, and HBO2 , and 3 - acidulous water with dissolved CO2 , The acidulous waters (in Polish: "szczawa" - tab. 1), are the most common (fig. 2, tab. II). They are not limited to any specific zone of the Magura nappe (fig. 3) but are closely related to fractures and crevices which accompany tectonic displacements of flysch rocks (figs 5 and 6). In the region of Szczawa, the acidulous waters are associated with the base of the Magura nappe (fig. 1 and 4). In the drainage area of the Poprad river (fig. 3), acidulous waters of small mineralization are, with few exceptions (the waters in Złockie and the "Zuber" mineral water in Krynica), mostly CO2 - saturated ground waters. The exhalations of carbon dioxide are common in this area but the origin of CO2 is disputable. Mineral waters of Szczawnica, Krościenko/D, Szczawa and Wysowa (fig. 1 and 3) reveal higher degrees of mineralization, up to 26 gm/dcm3. These waters are made up of CO2 saturated ground waters and chloride waters rising from deep seated sources. Here again the origin of carbon dioxide is disputable. Therapeutic mineral waters are used in health resorts for drinking cure, mineral baths (including dry-bath in CO2) and inhalations. They also are bottled and used as table waters. All these waters are relatively cold and only few have temperatures above 20°C (fig. 1). The resources of therapeutic mineral waters should be carefully protected against any possible changes. This requires a detailed recognition of local geology, notably to avoid damages during earthworks. Preservation of forests is an important factor in protection of mineral waters. Particular care should be taken to protect the environment of mineral water resources against excessive urbanization, air-, and water-pollution.