Ocena wpływu odkrywkowej eksploatacji węgla brunatnego na środowisko naturalne

Abstract

EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OPENCAST MINING OF BROWN COAL Summary Economic evaluation of industrial environmental impact may be deceptive and difficult, particularly in unstable economic conditions. Therefore, the systems of relative point estimation of nature! space impact are developed now extensively. This evaluation is particularly needed for mining investments what particularly induced an environmental impact. It should be peremptory for every project of a mining enterprise and decrease of its environmental impact should be the main goal of the evaluation. Space extent of the analysis, its substantial range and time of interest ought to be primary defined for evaluation of environmental impact also in the case of brown-coal mining. The authors suggest the space extent should be the same as supposed depression cone area because all the detrimental effects of exploitation are closely related just to this area. According to this point of view, the beginning of the analyzed period should be connected with the time of origin of a depression cone and the end of this period - with finishing of proper land reclamation. Substantial range of the analysis ought to include all the aspects of environmental influence both inside the zones of direct and indirect effects. Every impacting factor influences different elements of the environment: these elements are usually completely damaged inside the zone of the direct influence and they are degraded in the zone of the indirect influence of mining. A method of the casual-effect matter adapted to opencast mining needs may be used to evaluate of environmental impact. This method relies upon the point evaluation of influence related to individual classes and categories of influenced elements of environment characterizing grade and importance of the impact. Range of the evaluation depends on the stage of an investment process. The grade of its accuracy should be related from the one hand to supposed scale of the menace of environment and, from the other hand, to the value of an impacted area estimated on a base of the general rules of classification of conflict areas.