Deterioracja materiałów skalnych w budowlach Krakowa
Abstract
DETERIORATION OF STONE MATERIAIS IN THE BUILDINGS OF CRACOW (SOUTH POLAND)
Summary
Deterioration of stone building materials in Kraków in polluted urban atmosphere is described in this paper. Anthropogenic factors of deterioration and processes of deterioration are presented. Deterioration of stone building materials in polluted atmosphere is very rapid in comparison with natural weathering processes. The acceleration of destruction is related mainly to reactions between sulphur-containing componentsfrom atmosphere with unstable minerals (e. g. calcite). Because of high concentration of pollutants in wet deposition the mechanical action of crystallizing in pore-spaces and micro-cracks minerals (mainly gypsum) is very important in destruction of the structure of rocks. Visual features, structure and composition of zones of reactions of rocks with polluted atmosphere are different. The differences are related to petrographic characteristics of the rocks, their exposition in buildings, moisture content in the walls and may other. Differences between zones of reactions in urban and rural areas indicate that the concentration of air-pollution controls the process of deterioration. Quantitative determination of the acceleration of destruction is difficult. The evaluation of this acceleration needs detail studies.
Summary
Deterioration of stone building materials in Kraków in polluted urban atmosphere is described in this paper. Anthropogenic factors of deterioration and processes of deterioration are presented. Deterioration of stone building materials in polluted atmosphere is very rapid in comparison with natural weathering processes. The acceleration of destruction is related mainly to reactions between sulphur-containing componentsfrom atmosphere with unstable minerals (e. g. calcite). Because of high concentration of pollutants in wet deposition the mechanical action of crystallizing in pore-spaces and micro-cracks minerals (mainly gypsum) is very important in destruction of the structure of rocks. Visual features, structure and composition of zones of reactions of rocks with polluted atmosphere are different. The differences are related to petrographic characteristics of the rocks, their exposition in buildings, moisture content in the walls and may other. Differences between zones of reactions in urban and rural areas indicate that the concentration of air-pollution controls the process of deterioration. Quantitative determination of the acceleration of destruction is difficult. The evaluation of this acceleration needs detail studies.