Badania geologiczne pod kątem budowy metra w Warszawie w latach 1950-1954

Abstract

GEOLOGICAL STUDIES CONNECTED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF THE WARSAW UNDERGROUND IN THE YEARS 1950-1954 Summary The idea of construction of quick underground railway (subsequently called as metro) in Warsaw is over 50 years old. The urgent need of construction of the underground is not questioned by anyone but this task is very costly and realization was repeatedly slopped due to some technical difficulties. Participation of geologists in both designing and construction works is of special importance because of complex geological conditions in the Warsaw area. The paper presents organization and methods of surveys along the designed underground lines and stations, carried out by teams of lithostratigraphers, hydrogeologists and engineering geologits of the Geological Institute in the years 1950-1954. The complex hydrogeological and construction conditions made it necessary to carry out detailed surveys, involving 1700 drillings down to the depths 50-60 m. There have been gathered about 200,000 samples with disturbed structure and 6,000 samples with undisturbed structure, subsequently subjected to various laboratory analyses. The results of these analyses were plotted on cross-sections running along the designed underground lines (40 km long) and stations (14 km long). Moreover, there were compiled 60 maps (in the scale 1:500), illustrating geological structure at various levels at which earth works were designed. The studies made possible detailed analysis of Pliocene and Quaternary strata in large parts of Warsaw.