Związki azotu w płytkich wodach podziemnych w rejonie Lublińca
Abstract
Celem prowadzonych badań było rozpoznanie stopnia skażenia azotanami płytkich wód podziemnych użytkowanych studniami gospodarskimi oraz płytkimi ujęciami wiejskimi. Były to najczęściej studnie ujmujące wody czwartorzędowe oraz płytkie wody podziemne triasu górnego. Badania jakości wód podziemnych prowadzono w obrębie powiatu lublinieckiego, którego znaczna część powierzchni ma charakter rolniczy. Do badań wytypowano130 użytkowanych studzien gospodarskich. W trakcie badań polowych prowadzonych jesienią 2000 r., oznaczono zawartości azotanów oraz azotynów w wodzie. Równolegle wykonano pomiary odczynu pH, temperatury, przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego właściwego wody oraz zestaw standardowych pomiarów hydrogeologicznych. Badania wykazały znaczne skażenie tych wód azotanami. Obydwa badane poziomy wodonośne reagują bardzo szybko i w analogiczny sposób na dopływ zanieczyszczeń z powierzchni ziemi. Około 40% studzien posiada wody skażone azotanami w stopni przekraczającym normy dla wód pitnych tj. 50 mg NO3-/l. Strefy zanieczyszczenia występują w rejonach zabudowy wiejskiej, gdzie od lat są gromadzone zanieczyszczenia pochodzenia rolniczego w postaci: gnojowisk, składowisk śmieci, składów nawozów mineralnych oraz środków ochrony roślin. Duży udział w zanieczyszczeniu wód mają nieszczelne szamba oraz brak kanalizacji na wsiach.
CONTENT OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN SHALLOW UNDERGROUND WATERS IN THE LUBLINIEC REGION (SOUTHERN POLAND)
Summary
The study was performed to assess nitrates contaminations of shallow aquifers, yielding water for farm wells and shallow country water intakes. The waters in agricultural regions (as studied e.g., during charting for the hydrogeological map of Poland in 1 : 50 000 scale) are of low quality due to considerable excess of nitrogen compounds in shallow aquifers. The problem is especially pronounced in typically farmland communes, where the elevated nitrate concentrations are often related to uncontrolled agricultural practices. The most hazardous is the nitrate ion, being highly reactive and of limited sorption capabilities, thus easily migrating in underground waters. The problem of aquifer contamination with nitrogen compamds as a result of agricultural practices, has been recognised in countries with agriculture utilising a lot of chemical agents since more than a decade. As a result, the Directive no. 91/676/EEC was issued, pertaining to the reduction of nitrate pollution in agricultural area, imposing a duty of European Union members to monitor both surface waters and groundwaters. The planned access of Poland to the EU will invoke the obligation to perform such studies also in this country. Nitrate and nitrote contents were determined during the field study in the late 2000. At the same time, pH, temperature, and electrohstic conductivity were measured. The initial investigation comprised testing samples from 130 utilised farm wells.
CONTENT OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN SHALLOW UNDERGROUND WATERS IN THE LUBLINIEC REGION (SOUTHERN POLAND)
Summary
The study was performed to assess nitrates contaminations of shallow aquifers, yielding water for farm wells and shallow country water intakes. The waters in agricultural regions (as studied e.g., during charting for the hydrogeological map of Poland in 1 : 50 000 scale) are of low quality due to considerable excess of nitrogen compounds in shallow aquifers. The problem is especially pronounced in typically farmland communes, where the elevated nitrate concentrations are often related to uncontrolled agricultural practices. The most hazardous is the nitrate ion, being highly reactive and of limited sorption capabilities, thus easily migrating in underground waters. The problem of aquifer contamination with nitrogen compamds as a result of agricultural practices, has been recognised in countries with agriculture utilising a lot of chemical agents since more than a decade. As a result, the Directive no. 91/676/EEC was issued, pertaining to the reduction of nitrate pollution in agricultural area, imposing a duty of European Union members to monitor both surface waters and groundwaters. The planned access of Poland to the EU will invoke the obligation to perform such studies also in this country. Nitrate and nitrote contents were determined during the field study in the late 2000. At the same time, pH, temperature, and electrohstic conductivity were measured. The initial investigation comprised testing samples from 130 utilised farm wells.